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Field Listing :: Public debt
This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.

Country Comparison Ranking

By Country Listing of the values for the Public debt field
Country | Public debt
--- | ---
Afghanistan | 7% of GDP (2017 est.) 7.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Albania | 71.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 73.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Algeria | 27.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 20.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt
American Samoa | 12.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Andorra | 41% of GDP (2014 est.) 41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
Angola | 65% of GDP (2017 est.) 75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Anguilla | 20.1% of GDP (2015 est.) 20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda | 86.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 86.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Argentina | 57.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 55% of GDP (2016 est.)
Armenia | 53.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 51.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Aruba | 86% of GDP (2017 est.) 84.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Australia | 40.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 40.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Austria | 78.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 83.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices
Azerbaijan | 54.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bahamas, The | 54.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 50.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bahrain | 88.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bangladesh | 33.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Barbados | 157.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 149.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Belarus | 53.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 53.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Belgium | 103.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 106% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds
Belize | 99% of GDP (2017 est.) 95.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Benin | 54.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 49.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bermuda | 43% of GDP (FY14/15)
Bhutan | 106.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 114.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bolivia | 49% of GDP (2017 est.) 44.9% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 39.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 44.1% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.
Botswana | 14% of GDP (2017 est.) 15.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Brazil | 84% of GDP (2017 est.) 78.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Brunei | 2.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bulgaria | 23.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 27.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Burkina Faso | 38.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 38.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Burma | 33.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 35.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Burundi | 51.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cabo Verde | 125.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 127.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cambodia | 30.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 29.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cameroon | 36.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Canada | 89.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 91.1% of GDP (2016 est.) note: figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level
Central African Republic | 52.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 56% of GDP (2016 est.)
Chad | 52.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 52.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Chile | 23.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 21% of GDP (2016 est.)
China | 47% of GDP (2017 est.) 44.2% of GDP (2016 est.) note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt
Colombia | 49.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 49.8% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
Comoros | 32.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 18.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 19.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Congo, Republic of the | 130.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 128.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Costa Rica | 48.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire | 47% of GDP (2017 est.) 47% of GDP (2016 est.)
Croatia | 77.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Cuba | 47.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Curacao | 33.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 40.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
Cyprus | 97.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 106.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
Czechia | 34.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Denmark | 35.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 37.9% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Djibouti | 31.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 33.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Dominica | 82.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 71.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Dominican Republic | 37.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 34.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Ecuador | 45.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 43.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Egypt | 103% of GDP (2017 est.) 96.8% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
El Salvador | 67.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 66.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: El Salvador's total public debt includes non-financial public sector debt, financial public sector debt, and central bank debt
Equatorial Guinea | 37.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Eritrea | 131.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 132.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Estonia | 9% of GDP (2017 est.) 9.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Eswatini | 28.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 25.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Ethiopia | 54.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
European Union | 86.8% of GDP (2014) 85.5% of GDP (2013)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) | 0% of GDP (2015 est.)
Faroe Islands | 35% of GDP (2014 est.)
Fiji | 48.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Finland | 61.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 62.9% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
France | 96.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 96.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Gabon | 62.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Gambia, The | 88% of GDP (2017 est.) 82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Georgia | 44.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 44.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds
Germany | 63.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 67.9% of GDP (2016 est.) note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank
Ghana | 71.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 73.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Gibraltar | 7.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 8.4% of GDP (2006 est.)
Greece | 181.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 183.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Greenland | 13% of GDP (2015 est.)
Grenada | 70.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 82% of GDP (2016 est.)
Guam | 22.1% of GDP (2016 est.) 32.1% of GDP (2013)
Guatemala | 24.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Guinea | 37.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Guinea-Bissau | 53.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 57.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Guyana | 52.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Haiti | 31.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Honduras | 39.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 38.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Hong Kong | 0.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Hungary | 73.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 76% of GDP (2016 est.) note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and national, state, and local government and social security funds.
Iceland | 40% of GDP (2017 est.) 51.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
India | 71.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 69.5% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Indonesia | 28.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Iran | 39.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 47.5% of GDP (2016 est.) note: includes publicly guaranteed debt
Iraq | 59.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 66% of GDP (2016 est.)
Ireland | 68.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 73.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Israel | 60.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Italy | 131.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 132% of GDP (2016 est.) note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds
Jamaica | 101% of GDP (2017 est.) 113.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Japan | 237.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 235.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Jordan | 95.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 95.1% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Kazakhstan | 20.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 19.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Kenya | 54.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Kiribati | 26.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 22.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Korea, South | 39.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 39.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Kosovo | 21.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Kuwait | 20.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 9.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Kyrgyzstan | 56% of GDP (2017 est.) 55.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Laos | 63.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 58.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Latvia | 36.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 37.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Lebanon | 146.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 145.5% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
Lesotho | 33.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Liberia | 34.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Libya | 4.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Lithuania | 39.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 40.1% of GDP (2016 est.) note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Luxembourg | 23% of GDP (2017 est.) 20.8% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Macau | 0% of GDP (2017 est.) 0% of GDP (2016 est.)
Macedonia | 39.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 39.5% of GDP (2016 est.) note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds
Madagascar | 36% of GDP (2017 est.) 38.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Malawi | 59.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 60.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Malaysia | 54.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 56.2% of GDP (2016 est.) note: this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt, RM501.6 billion ($167.2 billion) in 2012; this includes Malaysian Treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans raised externally and bonds and notes issued overseas; this figure excludes debt issued by non-financial public enterprises and guaranteed by the federal government, which was an additional $47.7 billion in 2012
Maldives | 63.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 61.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mali | 35.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 36% of GDP (2016 est.)
Malta | 50.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 56.3% of GDP (2016 est.) note: Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds
Marshall Islands | 25.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 30% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mauritania | 96.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 100% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mauritius | 64% of GDP (2017 est.) 66.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mexico | 54.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 56.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of | 24.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 25.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Moldova | 31.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 35.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mongolia | 91.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 90% of GDP (2016 est.)
Montenegro | 67.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 66.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Morocco | 65.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mozambique | 102.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 121.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Namibia | 41.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 39.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Nauru | 62% of GDP (2017 est.) 65% of GDP (2016 est.)
Nepal | 26.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 27.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Netherlands | 56.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 61.3% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
New Caledonia | 6.5% of GDP (2015 est.) 6.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
New Zealand | 31.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 33.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Nicaragua | 33.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 31.2% of GDP (2016 est.) note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP
Niger | 45.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 45.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Nigeria | 21.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 19.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands | 7.1% of GDP (2017 est.)
Norway | 36.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 36.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Oman | 46.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 32.5% of GDP (2016 est.) note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises
Pakistan | 67% of GDP (2017 est.) 67.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Palau | 24.1% of GDP (2016 est.) 21.6% of GDP (2015)
Panama | 37.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Papua New Guinea | 36.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 36.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Paraguay | 19.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Peru | 25.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
Philippines | 39.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 39% of GDP (2016 est.)
Poland | 50.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 54.2% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Portugal | 125.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 129.9% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Puerto Rico | 51.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 50.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Qatar | 53.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Romania | 36.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 38.8% of GDP (2016 est.) note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Russia | 15.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 16.1% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Rwanda | 40.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 37.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 62.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 61.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Saint Lucia | 70.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 69.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 73.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Samoa | 49.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 52.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
San Marino | 24.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 22.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe | 88.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 93.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Saudi Arabia | 17.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Senegal | 48.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 47.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Serbia | 62.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Seychelles | 63.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 69.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sierra Leone | 63.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 54.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Singapore | 111.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 106.8% of GDP (2016 est.) note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt
Slovakia | 50.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 51.8% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general Government Gross Debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central, state, local government, and social security funds
Slovenia | 73.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 78.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds
Solomon Islands | 9.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 7.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Somalia | 76.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 93% of GDP (2014 est.)
South Africa | 53% of GDP (2017 est.) 51.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
South Sudan | 62.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 86.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Spain | 98.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 99% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sri Lanka | 79.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 79.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: covers central government debt and excludes debt instruments directly owned by government entities other than the treasury (e.g. commercial bank borrowings of a government corporation); the data includes treasury debt held by foreign entities as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement; sub-national entities are usually not permitted to sell debt instruments
Sudan | 121.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 99.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Suriname | 69.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 75.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sweden | 40.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 42.3% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Switzerland | 41.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 41.8% of GDP (2016 est.) note: general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable; all liabilities in the GFSM (Government Financial Systems Manual) 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options
Syria | 94.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 91.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taiwan | 35.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 36.2% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data for central government
Tajikistan | 50.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 42% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tanzania | 37% of GDP (2017 est.) 38% of GDP (2016 est.)
Thailand | 41.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 41.8% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Timor-Leste | 3.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Togo | 75.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 81.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tonga | 48% of GDP (FY2017 est.) 51.8% of GDP (FY2016 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago | 41.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 37% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tunisia | 70.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Turkey | 28.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Turkmenistan | 28.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tuvalu | 37% of GDP (2017 est.) 47.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Uganda | 40% of GDP (2017 est.) 37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Ukraine | 71% of GDP (2017 est.) 81.2% of GDP (2016 est.) note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)
United Arab Emirates | 19.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 20.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
United Kingdom | 87.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 87.9% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
United States | 78.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 81.2% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intragovernment debt were added, "gross debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP
Uruguay | 65.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 61.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.
Uzbekistan | 24.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Vanuatu | 48.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 46.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Venezuela | 38.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 31.3% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Vietnam | 58.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 59.9% of GDP (2016 est.) note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Virgin Islands | 53.3% of GDP (2016 est.) 45.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
Wallis and Futuna | 5.6% of GDP (2004 est.) note: offical data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
West Bank | 24.4% of GDP (2014 est.) 23.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
World | 67.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 67.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Yemen | 74.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Zambia | 63.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 60.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Zimbabwe | 82.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

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