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Field Listing :: Stock of narrow money
This entry, also known as "M1," comprises the total quantity of currency in circulation (notes and coins) plus demand deposits denominated in the national currency held by nonbank financial institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, and the private sector of the economy, measured at a specific point in time. National currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate for the date of the information. Because of exchange rate movements, changes in money stocks measured in national currency units may vary significantly from those shown in US dollars, and caution is urged when making comparisons over time in US dollars. Narrow money consists of more liquid assets than broad money and the assets generally function as a "medium of exchange" for an economy.

Country Comparison Ranking

By Country Listing of the values for the Stock of narrow money field
Country | Stock of narrow money
--- | ---
Afghanistan | $6.644 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $6.192 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
Albania | $4.155 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.397 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Algeria | $84.56 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $85.21 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Angola | $32.39 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $23.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Anguilla | $25.37 million (31 December 2017 est.) $23.74 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda | $349.2 million (31 December 2017 est.) $293 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Argentina | $62.61 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $59 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Armenia | $1.629 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.355 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Aruba | $0 (31 December 2017 est.) $1.257 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Australia | $277.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $243.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Austria | $271.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $214 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Azerbaijan | $6.202 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Bahamas, The | $2.654 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.461 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Bahrain | $9.185 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $9.078 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Bangladesh | $28.68 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $25.98 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Barbados | $2.47 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.381 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Belarus | $3.702 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.719 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Belgium | $240.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $198 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Belize | $768.8 million (31 December 2017 est.) $735.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Benin | $2.644 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.189 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Bermuda | $3.374 billion (30 September 2014 est.) $3.422 billion (31 December 2013 est.) note: figures do not include US dollars, which also circulate freely
Bhutan | $993.5 million (31 December 2017 est.) $769 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Bolivia | $9.616 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $9.09 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina | $6.483 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.013 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Botswana | $1.645 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.494 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Brazil | $110.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $106.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Brunei | $3.387 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.232 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Bulgaria | $29.27 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $22.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Burkina Faso | $3.357 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.602 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Burma | $18.78 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $15.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Burundi | $540 million (31 December 2017 est.) $476.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Cabo Verde | $774 million (31 December 2017 est.) $602.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Cambodia | $2.202 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.748 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Cameroon | $4.857 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.86 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Canada | $748.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $637.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Cayman Islands | $334.3 million (31 December 2008)
Central African Republic | $428.9 million (31 December 2017 est.) $341.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Chad | $1.397 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.241 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Chile | $52.54 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $44.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
China | $8.351 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $7.001 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
Colombia | $36.37 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $34.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Comoros | $200.8 million (31 December 2017 est.) $180.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | $1.044 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.192 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Congo, Republic of the | $2.585 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.456 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Cook Islands | $38.99 million (31 December 2011 est.)
Costa Rica | $5.356 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire | $11.63 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $8.861 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Croatia | $14.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $11.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Cuba | $23.26 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $21.92 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Curacao | $1.728 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $1.618 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Cyprus | $5.152 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.174 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Czechia | $177.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $133.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Denmark | $193.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $159.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Djibouti | $1.475 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.361 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Dominica | $113.2 million (31 December 2017 est.) $112 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Dominican Republic | $7.011 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $6.491 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Ecuador | $9.578 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $9.281 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Egypt | $43.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $34.51 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
El Salvador | $3.653 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.129 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Equatorial Guinea | $1.51 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.467 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Eritrea | $3.084 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.734 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Estonia | $14.78 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $11.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Eswatini | $554.3 million (31 December 2017 est.) $439 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Ethiopia | $9.042 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $8.757 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
European Union | $8.775 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $13.13 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) note: this is the quantity of money, M1, for the euro area, converted into US dollars at the exchange rate for the date indicated; it excludes the stock of money carried by non-euro-area members of the European Union, e.g., UK pounds, Danish kroner, and Czech koruny
Fiji | $2.272 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.994 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Finland | $152.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $124 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
France | $1.465 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.139 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Gabon | $2.357 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.053 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Gambia, The | $297.2 million (31 December 2017 est.) $279.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Gaza Strip | see entry for the West Bank
Georgia | $2.301 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.933 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Germany | $2.453 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.016 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Ghana | $7.018 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $6.472 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Greece | $106.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $86.53 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Grenada | $223.3 million (31 December 2017 est.) $214 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Guatemala | $12.23 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $10.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Guinea | $1.84 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.61 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Guinea-Bissau | $583.6 million (31 December 2017 est.) $489.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Guyana | $758.4 million (31 December 2017 est.) $701.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Haiti | $1.273 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.049 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Honduras | $2.827 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.455 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Hong Kong | $311.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $285.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Hungary | $74.77 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $55.48 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Iceland | $4.945 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.251 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
India | $451.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $293.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Indonesia | $102.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $92.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Iran | $48.08 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $47.59 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Iraq | $60.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $59.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Ireland | $191.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $156.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Israel | $100.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $79.58 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Italy | $1.347 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.101 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Jamaica | $3.55 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.427 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Japan | $6.317 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.65 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
Jordan | $14.64 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $14.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Kazakhstan | $14.99 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $13.77 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Kenya | $14.07 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $12.77 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Korea, South | $793.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $658.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Kuwait | $33.68 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $31.86 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Kyrgyzstan | $1.698 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.411 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Laos | $1.131 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Latvia | $12.91 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $10.71 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Lebanon | $7.047 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $6.739 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Lesotho | $420.8 million (31 December 2017 est.) $356.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Liberia | $423 million (31 December 2017 est.) $438.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Libya | $76.21 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $62.57 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Lithuania | $25.61 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $20.93 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Luxembourg | $275.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $229.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Macau | $8.866 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $7.858 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Macedonia | $2.403 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.909 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Madagascar | $1.045 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $849.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Malawi | $632.4 million (31 December 2017 est.) $534 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Malaysia | $107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $84.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Maldives | $908.6 million (31 October 2017 est.) $865.9 million (31 October 2016 est.)
Mali | $3.04 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.553 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Malta | $17.93 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $14.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Mauritania | $1.296 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.287 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Mauritius | $3.335 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.833 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Mexico | $215.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $186.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of | $NA (31 December 2016) $44.07 million (31 December 2015 est.) $196 million (31 December 2013 est.)
Moldova | $2.026 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.406 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Mongolia | $1.164 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $862.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Montenegro | $1.284 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.072 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Montserrat | $28.33 million (31 December 2017 est.) $23.04 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Morocco | $87.13 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $74.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Mozambique | $3.817 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.411 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Namibia | $3.425 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.911 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Nepal | $5.505 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.857 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Netherlands | $419 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $364.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
New Zealand | $46.52 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $42.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Nicaragua | $1.162 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.043 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Niger | $1.804 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.511 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Nigeria | $36.13 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $37.02 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Norway | $237.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $214 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Oman | $12.85 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $12.95 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Pakistan | $109.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $103.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Panama | $8.347 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $8.249 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Papua New Guinea | $5.409 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Paraguay | $5.117 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.307 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Peru | $33.41 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $31.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Philippines | $71.13 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $61.62 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Poland | $260.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $195.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Portugal | $106.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $81.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Qatar | $34.71 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $36.14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Romania | $54.13 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $41.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Russia | $255.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $195.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Rwanda | $963.9 million (31 December 2017 est.) $895 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis | $196.1 million (31 December 2017 est.) $210.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Saint Lucia | $334.2 million (31 December 2017 est.) $318.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | $190.6 million (31 December 2017 est.) $177.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Samoa | $147 million (31 December 2017 est.) $131.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)
San Marino | $1.326 billion (31 December 2007)
Sao Tome and Principe | $75.38 million (31 December 2017 est.) $64.95 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Saudi Arabia | $312.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $305.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Senegal | $5.944 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.689 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Serbia | $6.756 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.189 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Seychelles | $627.3 million (31 December 2017 est.) $556.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Sierra Leone | $387.4 million (31 December 2017 est.) $381.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Singapore | $137.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $119.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Slovakia | $56.46 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $45.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Slovenia | $21.53 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $16.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Solomon Islands | $499.8 million (31 December 2017 est.) $429.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)
South Africa | $137.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $117.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
South Sudan | $491.9 million (31 December 2017) $409.1 million (31 December 2016)
Spain | $1.088 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $841.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Sri Lanka | $5.19 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.184 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Sudan | $18.82 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $11.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Suriname | $1.158 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $921.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Sweden | $329.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $273.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Switzerland | $621.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $555.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Syria | $7.272 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.333 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Taiwan | $560.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $501.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Tajikistan | $1.389 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.108 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Tanzania | $5.002 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.641 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Thailand | $62.39 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $52.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Timor-Leste | $563.3 million (31 December 2017 est.) $464.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Togo | $1.335 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.119 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Tonga | $130.8 million (31 December 2017 est.) $112.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago | $7.247 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $6.72 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Tunisia | $12.92 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $11.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Turkey | $119.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Turkmenistan | $1.326 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.255 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
Uganda | $2.519 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.167 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Ukraine | $21.92 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $19.49 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
United Arab Emirates | $134 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $129.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
United Kingdom | $110.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $96.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
United States | $3.512 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.251 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
Uruguay | $5.068 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.516 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Uzbekistan | $4.173 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $7.729 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Vanuatu | $424.7 million (31 December 2017 est.) $379.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Venezuela | $149.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $163.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Vietnam | $85.96 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $73.48 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
West Bank | $416.5 million (31 December 2017 est.) $317.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)
World | $34.4 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $30.17 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
Yemen | $4.736 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $6.718 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Zambia | $1.764 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.582 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Zimbabwe | $4.322 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $4.104 billion (31 December 2016 est.) note: Zimbabwe's central bank no longer publishes data on monetary aggregates, except for bank deposits, which amounted to $2.1 billion in November 2010; the Zimbabwe dollar stopped circulating in early 2009; since then, the US dollar and South African rand have been the most frequently used currencies; there are no reliable estimates of the amount of foreign currency circulating in Zimbabwe

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