Europe :: Slovakia

- Introduction :: Slovakia
- Background:
  Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. Subsequently, the Slovaks became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. Following the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (Magyarization) resulted in a strengthening of Slovak nationalism and a cultivation of cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who were under Austrian rule. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939 Slovakia became an independent state allied with Nazi Germany. Following World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004 and the euro zone on 1 January 2009.
- Geography :: Slovakia
- Location:
  Central Europe, south of Poland
  Geographic coordinates:
  48 40 N, 19 30 E
  Map references:
  Europe
  Area:
  total: 49,035 sq km
  land: 48,105 sq km
  water: 930 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 131
  Area - comparative:
  about one and a half times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire
  Land boundaries:
  total: 1,611 km
  border countries (5): Austria 105 km, Czech Republic 241 km, Hungary 627 km, Poland 541 km, Ukraine 97 km
  Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
  Maritime claims:
  none (landlocked)
  Climate:
  temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
  Terrain:
  rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
  Elevation:
  mean elevation: 458 m
  elevation extremes: 94 m lowest point: Bodrok River
  2655 highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit
  Natural resources:
  lignite, small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 40.1% (2011 est.)
  arable land: 28.9% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0.4% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 10.8% (2011 est.)
  forest: 40.2% (2011 est.)
  other: 19.7% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  869 sq km (2012)
  Population distribution:
  a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
  Natural hazards:
  flooding
  Environment - current issues:
  air pollution and acid rain present human health risks and damage forests; land erosion caused by agricultural and mining practices; water pollution
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys
- People and Society :: Slovakia
- Population:
  5,445,040 (July 2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 118
  Nationality:
  noun: Slovak(s)
  adjective: Slovak
  Ethnic groups:
  Slovak 80.7%, Hungarian 8.5%, Romani 2%, other 1.8% (includes Czech, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish), unspecified 7% (2011 est.)

  note: data represent population by nationality; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 7–11% of Slovakia's population

  Languages:
  Slovak (official) 78.6%, Hungarian 9.4%, Roma 2.3%, Ruthenian 1%, other or unspecified 8.8% (2011 est.)
  Religions:
  Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 8.2%, Greek Catholic 3.8%, other or unspecified 12.5%, none 13.4% (2011 est.)
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 15.2% (male 424,921 /female 402,483)
  15-24 years: 10.48% (male 293,573 /female 277,041)
  25-54 years: 45.04% (male 1,239,670 /female 1,212,687)
  55-64 years: 13.32% (male 345,114 /female 380,077)
  65 years and over: 15.97% (male 339,350 /female 530,124) (2018 est.)
  population pyramid:
  The World Factbook Field Image Modal
  Europe :: Slovakia Print
  Image Description
  This is the population pyramid for Slovakia. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
  For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 41.5 (2015 est.)
  youth dependency ratio: 21.6 (2015 est.)
  elderly dependency ratio: 19.9 (2015 est.)
  potential support ratio: 5 (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 41 years
  male: 39.3 years
  female: 42.7 years (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  Population growth rate:
  -0.02% (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 197
  Birth rate:
  9.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 198
  Death rate:
  9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 38
  Net migration rate:
  0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 69
  Population distribution:
  a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 53.7% of total population (2018)
  rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  430,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2018)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  55-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  Mother's mean age at first birth:
  27.6 years (2014 est.)
  Maternal mortality rate:
  6 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
  male: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
  female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 176
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 77.4 years (2018 est.)
  male: 73.9 years (2018 est.)
  female: 81.2 years (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Total fertility rate:
  1.42 children born/woman (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 210
  Health expenditures:
  8.1% of GDP (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 56
  Physicians density:
  3.45 physicians/1,000 population (2015)
  Hospital bed density:
  5.8 beds/1,000 population (2015)
  Drinking water source:
  improved: urban: 100% of population
  rural: 100% of population
  total: 100% of population
  unimproved: urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0% of population
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved: urban: 99.4% of population (2015 est.)
  rural: 98.2% of population (2015 est.)
  total: 98.8% of population (2015 est.)
  unimproved: urban: 0.6% of population (2015 est.)
  rural: 1.8% of population (2015 est.)
  total: 1.2% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  <.1% (2017 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  <1000 (2017 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  <100 (2017 est.)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  20.5% (2016)
  country comparison to the world: 98
  Education expenditures:
  4.6% of GDP (2015)
  country comparison to the world: 90
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 15 years (2014)
  male: 14 years (2014)
  female: 16 years (2014)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 22.2% (2016 est.)
  male: 19.8% (2016 est.)
  female: 26.3% (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 54
- Government :: Slovakia
- Country name:
  conventional long form: Slovak Republic
  conventional short form: Slovakia
  local long form: Slovenska republika
  local short form: Slovensko
  etymology: related to the Slavic autonym (self-designation) "Slovenin," a derivation from "slovo" (word), denoting "people who speak (the same language)" (i.e., people who understand each other)
  Government type:
  parliamentary republic
  Capital:
  name: Bratislava
  geographic coordinates: 48 09 N, 17 07 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  Administrative divisions:
  8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banskobystricky, Bratislavsky, Kosicky, Nitriansky, Presovsky, Trenciansky, Trnavsky, Zilinsky
  Independence:
  1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
  National holiday:
  Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
  Constitution:
  history: several previous (preindependence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992 (2017)
  amendments: proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members; amended many times, last in 2017 (2017)
  Legal system:
  civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; note - legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Citizenship:
  citizenship by birth: no
  citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovakia
  dual citizenship recognized: no
  residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Judicial branch:
  highest courts: Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judge candidates nominated by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member self-governing body that includes the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president serve for life subject to removal by the president at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges serve 12-year terms
  subordinate courts: regional and district civil courts; Special Criminal Court; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit;
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014)
  head of government: Prime Minister Peter PELLIGRINI (since 22 March 2018); Deputy Prime Ministers Peter KAZIMIR (since 22 March 2018), Richard RASI (since 22 March 2018), Laszlo SOLYMOS (since 22 March 2018), Gabriela MATECNA (since 29 November 2017)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held on 9 March 2019); following National Council elections (every 4 years), the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
  election results: Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral National Council or Narodna Rada (150 seats; members directly elected in a single- and multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
  elections: last held on 5 March 2016 (next to be held in March 2020)
  election results: percent of vote by party - Smer-SD 28.3%, SaS 12.1%, OLaNO-NOVA 11%, SNS 8.6%, LSNS 8%, Sme-Rodina 6.6%, Most-Hid 6.5%, Siet 5.6%, other 13.3%; seats by party - Smer-SD 49, SaS 21, OLaNO-NOVA 19, SNS 15, LSNS 14, Sme-Rodina 11, Most-Hid 11, Siet 10; composition - men 120, women 30, percent of women 20%
  Political parties and leaders:
  Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Alojz HLINA]
  Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela BUGAR]
  Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]
  Freedom and Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK]
  Kotleba-People's Party Our Slovakia or LSNS [Marian KOTLEBA]
  Ordinary People and Independent Personalities - New Majority or OLaNO-NOVA [Igor MATOVIC]
  Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Jozsef MENYHART]
  Progressive Slovakia [Ivan STEFUNKO]
  Slovak Conservative Party or SKS [Ivan ZUZULA] (formerly the SIET party)
  Slovak National Party or SNS [Andrej DANKO]
  Together or Spolu [Miroslav BEBLAVY]
  We Are Family or Sme-Rodina [Boris KOLLAR]
  International organization participation:
  Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Ivan KORCOK (since 17 September 2018)
  chancery: 3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 237-1054
  FAX: [1] (202) 237-6438
  consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Adam H. STERLING (since 31 August 2016)
  embassy: Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava
  mailing address: P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava
  telephone: [421] (2) 5443-3338
  FAX: [421] (2) 5441-5148
  Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red derive from the Pan-Slav colors; the Slovakian coat of arms (consisting of a red shield bordered in white and bearing a white double-barred cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius surmounting three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset slightly to the hoist side

  note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

  National symbol(s):
  double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) surmounting three peaks; national colors: white, blue, red
  National anthem:
  name: "Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Lightning Over the Tatras)
  lyrics/music: Janko MATUSKA/traditional

  note: adopted 1993, in use since 1844; music based on the Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku"

- Economy :: Slovakia
- Economy - overview:

  Slovakia’s economy suffered from a slow start in the first years after its separation from the Czech Republic in 1993, due to the country’s authoritarian leadership and high levels of corruption, but economic reforms implemented after 1998 have placed Slovakia on a path of strong growth. With a population of 5.4 million, the Slovak Republic has a small, open economy driven mainly by automobile and electronics exports, which account for more than 80% of GDP. Slovakia joined the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009. The country’s banking sector is sound and predominantly foreign owned.

  Slovakia has been a regional FDI champion for several years, attractive due to a relatively low-cost yet skilled labor force, and a favorable geographic location in the heart of Central Europe. Exports and investment have been key drivers of Slovakia’s robust growth in recent years. The unemployment rate fell to historical lows in 2017, and rising wages fueled increased consumption, which played a more prominent role in 2017 GDP growth. A favorable outlook for the Eurozone suggests continued strong growth prospects for Slovakia during the next few years, although inflation is also expected to pick up.

  Among the most pressing domestic issues potentially threatening the attractiveness of the Slovak market are shortages in the qualified labor force, persistent corruption issues, and an inadequate judiciary, as well as a slow transition to an innovation-based economy. The energy sector in particular is characterized by unpredictable regulatory oversight and high costs, in part driven by government interference in regulated tariffs. Moreover, the government’s attempts to maintain low household energy prices could harm the profitability of domestic energy firms while undercutting energy efficiency initiatives.

  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $179.7 billion (2017 est.)
  $173.8 billion (2016 est.)
  $168.2 billion (2015 est.)

  note: data are in 2017 dollars

  country comparison to the world: 69
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $95.96 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  3.4% (2017 est.)
  3.3% (2016 est.)
  3.9% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 102
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $33,100 (2017 est.)
  $32,000 (2016 est.)
  $31,000 (2015 est.)

  note: data are in 2017 dollars

  country comparison to the world: 61
  Gross national saving:
  20.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
  21.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
  22.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 92
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 54.7% (2017 est.)
  government consumption: 19.2% (2017 est.)
  investment in fixed capital: 21.2% (2017 est.)
  investment in inventories: 1.2% (2017 est.)
  exports of goods and services: 96.3% (2017 est.)
  imports of goods and services: -92.9% (2017 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 3.8% (2017 est.)
  industry: 35% (2017 est.)
  services: 61.2% (2017 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products
  Industries:
  automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical
  Industrial production growth rate:
  2.7% (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 114
  Labor force:
  2.758 million (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 3.9%
  industry: 22.7%
  services: 73.4% (2015)
  Unemployment rate:
  8.1% (2017 est.)
  9.7% (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 119
  Population below poverty line:
  12.3% (2015 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 19.3% (2015 est.)
  highest 10%: 19.3% (2015 est.)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  23.7 (2015)
  26.1 (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 155
  Budget:
  revenues: 37.79 billion (2017 est.)
  expenditures: 38.79 billion (2017 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  39.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 47
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 81
  Public debt:
  50.9% of GDP (2017 est.)
  51.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

  note: data cover general Government Gross Debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central, state, local government, and social security funds

  country comparison to the world: 98
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  1.3% (2017 est.)
  -0.5% (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Central bank discount rate:
  0% (31 December 2017 est.)
  0% (31 December 2016 est.)

  note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks from the euro area; Slovakia became a member of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 2009

  country comparison to the world: 160
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  2.44% (31 December 2017 est.)
  2.7% (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 182
  Stock of narrow money:
  $56.46 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $45.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

  note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

  country comparison to the world: 51
  Stock of broad money:
  $56.46 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $45.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $85.56 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $70.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $4.567 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  $4.634 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
  $4.732 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 86
  Current account balance:
  -$2.005 billion (2017 est.)
  -$1.309 billion (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 164
  Exports:
  $80.8 billion (2017 est.)
  $75.53 billion (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Exports - partners:
  Germany 20.7%, Czech Republic 11.6%, Poland 7.7%, France 6.3%, Italy 6.1%, UK 6%, Hungary 6%, Austria 6% (2017)
  Exports - commodities:
  vehicles and related parts 27%, machinery and electrical equipment 20%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, iron and steel 4%, mineral oils and fuels 5% (2015 est.)
  Imports:
  $80.07 billion (2017 est.)
  $72.51 billion (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Imports - commodities:
  machinery and electrical equipment 20%, vehicles and related parts 14%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, fuel and mineral oils 9% (2015 est.)
  Imports - partners:
  Germany 19.1%, Czech Republic 16.3%, Austria 10.3%, Poland 6.5%, Hungary 6.4%, South Korea 4.5%, Russia 4.5%, France 4.3%, China 4.2% (2017)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $3.622 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $2.892 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 102
  Debt - external:
  $75.04 billion (31 March 2016 est.)
  $74.19 billion (31 March 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $69.92 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $54.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $21.29 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $15.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Exchange rates:
  euros (EUR) per US dollar -
  0.885 (2017 est.)
  0.903 (2016 est.)
  0.9214 (2015 est.)
  0.885 (2014 est.)
  0.7634 (2013 est.)
- Energy :: Slovakia
- Electricity access:
  electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
  Electricity - production:
  25.32 billion kWh (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Electricity - consumption:
  26.64 billion kWh (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 66
  Electricity - exports:
  10.6 billion kWh (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Electricity - imports:
  13.25 billion kWh (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  7.644 million kW (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  36% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 176
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  27% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  24% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 81
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  13% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Crude oil - production:
  200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 95
  Crude oil - exports:
  1,022 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Crude oil - imports:
  111,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  9 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  131,300 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  85,880 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 85
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  81,100 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  38,340 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  Natural gas - production:
  104.8 million cu m (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 81
  Natural gas - consumption:
  4.672 billion cu m (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 62
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 184
  Natural gas - imports:
  4.984 billion cu m (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 37
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 75
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  34.86 million Mt (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 73
- Communications :: Slovakia
- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 758,842 (2017 est.)
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 83
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total subscriptions: 7,117,753 (2017 est.)
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 131 (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 105
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: a modern telecommunications system that has expanded dramatically in recent years with the growth of cellular services (2017)
  domestic: Slovak Telecom maintains a near monopoly on fixed-line service; four companies have a license to operate cellular networks and provide nationwide cellular services (cellular operators); a few other companies provide services but do not have their own networks (2017)
  international: country code - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in Bratislava and 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services (2017)
  Broadcast media:
  state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), operates 2 national TV stations and multiple national and regional radio networks; roughly 50 privately owned TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 32 privately owned radio stations (2016)
  Internet country code:
  .sk
  Internet users:
  total: 4,382,558 (July 2016 est.)
  percent of population: 80.5% (July 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 82
  Broadband - fixed subscriptions:
  total: 1,404,751 (2017 est.)
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 62
- Transportation :: Slovakia
- National air transport system:
  number of registered air carriers: 4 (2015)
  inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 23 (2015)
  annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 11,100 (2015)
  annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 0 mt-km (2015)
  Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:
  OM (2016)
  Airports:
  35 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 111
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 21 (2013)
  over 3,047 m: 2 (2013)
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2013)
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2013)
  914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013)
  under 914 m: 11 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 14 (2013)
  914 to 1,523 m: 9 (2013)
  under 914 m: 5 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  2270 km gas transmission pipelines, 6278 km high-pressure gas distribution pipelines, 27023 km mid- and low-pressure gas distribution pipelines (2016), 510 km oil (2015)
  Railways:
  total: 3,580 km (2016)
  standard gauge: 3,435 km 1.435-m gauge (1,587 km electrified) (2016)
  narrow gauge: 46 km 1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge (2016)
  broad gauge: 99 km 1.520-m gauge (2016)
  country comparison to the world: 54
  Roadways:
  total: 56,926 km (includes local roads, national roads, and 464 km of highways) (2016)
  country comparison to the world: 75
  Waterways:
  172 km (on Danube River) (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Ports and terminals:
  river port(s): Bratislava, Komarno (Danube)
- Military and Security :: Slovakia
- Military expenditures:
  1.16% of GDP (2017 est.)
  1.13% of GDP (2016)
  1.14% of GDP (2015)
  1.01% of GDP (2014)
  1% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 102
  Military branches:
  Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Land Forces (Pozemne Sily), Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily) (2010)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription in peacetime suspended in 2006; women are eligible to serve (2012)
- Transnational Issues :: Slovakia
- Disputes - international:
  bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danubeas a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented strict Schengen border rules
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  stateless persons: 1,523 (2017)
  Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market; consumer of ecstasy