Central America :: Saint Barthelemy

- Introduction :: Saint Barthelemy
- Background:
  Discovered in 1493 by Christopher COLUMBUS who named it for his brother Bartolomeo, Saint Barthelemy was first settled by the French in 1648. In 1784, the French sold the island to Sweden, which renamed the largest town Gustavia, after the Swedish King GUSTAV III, and made it a free port; the island prospered as a trade and supply center during the colonial wars of the 18th century. France repurchased the island in 1877 and took control the following year. It was placed under the administration of Guadeloupe. Saint Barthelemy retained its free port status along with various Swedish appellations such as Swedish street and town names, and the three-crown symbol on the coat of arms. In 2003, the islanders voted to secede from Guadeloupe, and in 2007, the island became a French overseas collectivity. In 2012, it became an overseas territory of the EU, allowing it to exert local control over the permanent and temporary immigration of foreign workers including non-French European citizens.
- Geography :: Saint Barthelemy
- Location:
  Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Saint Barthelemy lies east of the US Virgin Islands
  Geographic coordinates:
  17 90 N, 62 85 W
  Map references:
  Central America and the Caribbean
  Area:
  total: 25 sq km
  land: 25 sq km
  water: negligible
  country comparison to the world: 239
  Area - comparative:
  less than one-eighth the size of Washington, DC
  Land boundaries:
  0 km
  Climate:
  tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)
  Terrain:
  hilly, almost completely surrounded by shallow-water reefs, with plentiful beaches
  Elevation:
  0 m lowest point: Caribbean Ocean
  286 highest point: Morne du Vitet
  Natural resources:
  few natural resources; beaches foster tourism
  Population distribution:
  most of the populace concentrated in and around the capital of Gustavia, but scattered settlements exist around the island periphery
  Environment - current issues:
  land-based pollution; urbanization; with no natural rivers or streams, fresh water is in short supply, especially in summer, and is provided by the desalination of sea water, the collection of rain water, or imported via water tanker; overfishing
  Geography - note:
  a 1,200-hectare marine nature reserve, the Reserve Naturelle, is made up of five zones around the island that form a network to protect the island's coral reefs, seagrass, and endangered marine species
- People and Society :: Saint Barthelemy
- Population:
  7,160 (July 2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 226
  Ethnic groups:
  other white, Creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia)
  Languages:
  French (primary), English
  Religions:
  Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 15.96% (male 587 /female 556)
  15-24 years: 7.26% (male 272 /female 248)
  25-54 years: 43.13% (male 1,682 /female 1,406)
  55-64 years: 16.13% (male 621 /female 534)
  65 years and over: 17.51% (male 631 /female 623) (2018 est.)
  population pyramid:
  The World Factbook Field Image Modal
  Central America :: Saint Barthelemy Print
  Image Description
  This is the population pyramid for Saint Barthelemy. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
  For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
  Median age:
  total: 44.7 years
  male: 44.6 years
  female: 44.7 years (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 9
  Population distribution:
  most of the populace concentrated in and around the capital of Gustavia, but scattered settlements exist around the island periphery
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  15-24 years: 1.1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  25-54 years: 1.19 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  55-64 years: 1.19 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  Major infectious diseases:

  note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus

- Government :: Saint Barthelemy
- Country name:
  conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Barthelemy
  conventional short form: Saint Barthelemy
  local long form: Collectivite d'outre mer de Saint-Barthelemy
  local short form: Saint-Barthelemy
  abbreviation: Saint-Barth (French); St. Barts or St. Barths (English)
  etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island in honor of his brother Bartolomeo's namesake saint in 1493
  Dependency status:
  overseas collectivity of France
  Government type:
  parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
  Capital:
  name: Gustavia
  geographic coordinates: 17 53 N, 62 51 W
  time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Independence:
  none (overseas collectivity of France)
  National holiday:
  Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1790); note - local holiday is St. Barthelemy Day, 24 August (1572)
  Constitution:
  history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) (2018)
  amendments: amendment procedures of France's constitution apply (2018)
  Legal system:
  French civil law
  Citizenship:
  see France
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age, universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by Prefect Anne LAUBIES (since 8 June 2015)
  head of government: President of Territorial Council Bruno MAGRAS (since 16 July 2007)
  cabinet: Executive Council elected by the Territorial Council; note - there is also an advisory, economic, social, and cultural council
  elections/appointments: French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; president of Territorial Council indirectly elected by its members for a 5-year term; election last held on 2 April 2017 (next to be held in 2022)
  election results: Bruno MAGRAS (SBA) reelected president; Territorial Council vote - NA
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Territorial Council (19 seats; members elected by absolute majority vote in the first round vote and proportional representation vote in the second round; members serve 5-year terms) Saint Barthelemy indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college for a 6-year term and directly elects 1 deputy (shared with Saint Martin) to the French National Assembly
  elections: Territorial Council - last held on 19 March 2017 (next to be held in 2022) French Senate - election last held in September 2014 (next to be held not later than September 2017) French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)
  election results: Territorial Council - percent of vote by party - SBA 53.7%, United for Saint Barth 20.6%, Saint Barth Essential 18.1%, All for Saint Barth 7.7%; seats by party - SBA 14, United for Saint Barth 2, Saint Barth Essential 2, All for Saint Barth 1 French Senate - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party UMP 1 French National Assembly - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party UMP 1
  Political parties and leaders:
  All for Saint Barth (Tous pour Saint-Barth) [Bettina COINTRE]
  Saint Barth Essential (Saint-Barth Autrement) [Marie-Helene BERNIER]
  Saint Barth First! (Saint-Barth d'Abord!) or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]
  Saint Barth United (Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy) [Xavier LEDEE]
  International organization participation:
  UPU
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  none (overseas collectivity of France)
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  none (overseas collectivity of France)
  Flag description:
  the flag of France is used
  National symbol(s):
  pelican
  National anthem:
  name: "L'Hymne a St. Barthelemy" (Hymn to St. Barthelemy)
  lyrics/music: Isabelle Massart DERAVIN/Michael VALENTI

  note: local anthem in use since 1999; as a collectivity of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France)

- Economy :: Saint Barthelemy
- Economy - overview:
  The economy of Saint Barthelemy is based upon high-end tourism and duty-free luxury commerce, serving visitors primarily from North America. The luxury hotels and villas host 70,000 visitors each year with another 130,000 arriving by boat. The relative isolation and high cost of living inhibits mass tourism. The construction and public sectors also enjoy significant investment in support of tourism. With limited fresh water resources, all food must be imported, as must all energy resources and most manufactured goods. The tourism sector creates a strong employment demand and attracts labor from Brazil and Portugal. The country’s currency is the euro.
  Exchange rates:
  2013 est.)
  0.885 (2017 est.)
  0.903 (2016 est.)
  0.9214 (2015 est.)
  0.885 (2014 est.)
- Communications :: Saint Barthelemy
- Telephone system:
  general assessment: fully integrated access (2008)
  domestic: direct dial capability with both fixed and wireless systems (2008)
  international: country code - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice and data connectivity to Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe (2008)
  Broadcast media:
  no local TV broadcasters; 3 FM radio channels (2 via repeater)
  Internet country code:
  .bl; note - .gp, the Internet country code for Guadeloupe, and .fr, the Internet country code for France, might also be encountered
- Transportation :: Saint Barthelemy
- Airports:
  1 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 234
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 1 (2017)
  under 914 m: 1 (2017)
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Gustavia
  Transportation - note:
  nearest airport for international flights is Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) located on Sint Maarten
- Military and Security :: Saint Barthelemy
- Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of France