# Library

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Europe :: Austria Print
Page last updated on December 31, 2018
The World Factbook Country/Location Flag Modal
Europe :: Austria Print
Flag Description
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, in 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner
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The Alps march across this image of Autumnal (early October) southern Europe. On either side of and above the Alps are the countries of (from left to right) France, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, and Slovenia, while below the Alps is Italy. The Mediterranean and Ligurian Seas sit to the west of Italy, while to the right is the Adriatic Sea. As the season progresses, snow begins to whiten the Alps. Image courtesy of NASA.
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The neo-classical Parliament Building in Vienna took 10 years to complete (1884). The fountain fronting the structure is of Pallas Athena, the goddess of wisdom.
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Close up of the Pallas Athena fountain (completed 1902) before the Parliament Building in Vienna.
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Horse-drawn coaches (known as fiaker in Vienna) await riders in front of the grand Michaelertrakt (Michael's Wing) of the Hofburg (Imperial Palace).
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The Michaelertor (Michael's Gate) in the Michaelertrakt (Michael's Wing) of the Hofburg (Imperial Palace) in Vienna.
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The Michaelertrakt (Michael's Wing) of the Hofburg (Imperial Palace) was designed by the renowned Austrian architect Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach in 1726, but not actually constructed until 1889-1893! The fountain, Power on Land, may be seen on the right.
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The fountain, Power at Sea, one of two that grace the front of the Michaelertrakt (Michael's Wing) of the Hofburg (Imperial Palace) in Vienna.
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The Amalienburg section of the Hofburg (Imperial Palace) in Vienna. Of note is the small domed tower underlain by an astronomical clock. The statue honors Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (r. 1792-1806), who was also Austrian Emperor Francis I (r. 1804-1835), thus making him the only double emperor in history.
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The Hofburg area has been a documented seat of government since 1279. The Schweizertor (Swiss Gate, built 1552), opens into the Alte Burg, the oldest section of the Hofburg.
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Entrance to the Prunksaal (Grand Hall) of the Austrian National Library in Vienna.
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Sculptures and inscription over the entrance to the Prunksaal (Grand Hall) of the Austrian National Library in Vienna.
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The ceiling in the Prunksaal (Grand Hall) of the Austrian National Library in Vienna.
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The Karlskirche (St. Charles Borromeo Church) in Vienna, is flanked by two massive spiral columns, modeled after Trajan's Column in Rome.
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The Karlskirche (St. Charles Borromeo Church) in Vienna, built between 1716 and 1737, is a Baroque masterpiece. Its architect, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, sought to fuse elements and ideas from the most significant churches in Europe, including the Pantheon and St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, the Hagia Sofia in Constantinople, the Dome des Invalides in Paris, and St. Paul's Cathedral in London.
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The beautiful and unique Ankeruhr (Anker Clock) overlooks the oldest square in Vienna, the Hoher Markt (Upper Market). The clock - built between 1911 and 1917 in the Jugendstil (Art Nouveau) style - forms a bridge between two buildings; it is adorned with with mosaic ornaments. Over the course of 12 hours, 12 historical figures or pairs of figures move across the bridge. Every day at noon, all of the figures parade to the accompaniment of music.
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Atlantes and caryatids (male and female supporting sculptures) grace the building facade on a narrow street in Vienna.
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Ornate entranceway fronting a building in Vienna.
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A gilded shield and crown highlight a coat of arms display over a doorway in Vienna.
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A magnificently decorated building in Vienna.
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A harmonious blend of 19th and 20th century architecture on a side street in Vienna.
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Entrance to the church Maria am Gestade (St. Mary on the Strand) in Vienna. First mentioned in documents from 1158, the present structure (built between 1394 and 1414) is one of the oldest buildings and one of the few surviving examples of Gothic architecture in the city.
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The sanctuary of the Maria am Gestade church in Vienna. Some of the stained glass in the windows dates back to medieval times.
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The striking open work tower of the Maria am Gestade church in Vienna rises to 56 m (180 ft); it was built between 1419 and 1428, shortly after the church was completed.
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The Altes Rathaus (Old City Hall) in Vienna. The original building was granted to the city in 1316 and was rebuilt several times in subsequent centuries. The current facade dates to the early 18th century. Presently the building serves as the District Museum for the Inner City and as the Documentation Archive for the Austrian Resistance [to Nazism].
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The Rathaus (City Hall) in Vienna is the seat of the mayor and the city council. It was built in the Gothic style between 1872-83.
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A view of the facade of the Rathaus (City Hall) in Vienna; it serves as the seat of both the mayor and city council. The neo-Gothic structure took 11 years to complete (1872-1883).
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Close up of some of the window ornamentation on the Vienna Rathaus (City Hall).
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The Vienna City Hall (Rathaus) in December with its Christmas Market (Christkindlmarkt).
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The Naturhistorisches Museum (Natural History Museum) in Vienna flanks the Maria Theresia Monument. Opened in 1889, it is one of the most important museums in the world, housing specimens of species now extinct.
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Approaching the towers of the United Nations Office in Vienna. The metro rail line is in the foreground.
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The United Nations Office in Vienna is one of four major UN office sites around the world (the others are in New York, Geneva, and Nairobi). The complex, completed in 1979, is composed of six Y-shaped office towers surrounding a cylindrical conference building.
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The red-white-red flag of Austria flies with those of all the other UN countries in the entrance plaza of the United Nations Office in Vienna.
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Part of a flag display in one of the buildings of the UN Office in Vienna.
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A bird's-eye view of two of the six Y-shaped office buildings, as well as the central cylindrical conference center, that make up part the United Nations Office complex in Vienna. In the distance is the 252 m (827 ft)Donauturn (Danube Tower) the tallest structure in Austria. In addition to its use as a communication tower, it also houses two revolving retaurants and has an observation deck.
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The Donauturm (Danube Tower) overlooks the extensive Danaupark in Vienna. The edges of some of the UN Vienna buildings appear on the left.
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A view of the Kaisermuehlen section of Vienna looking across the Danube to the older, historic areas of the city. Part of the UN complex (also referred to as the Vienna International Center, VIC) appears on the right; the UN visitor center, entrance, and flag plaza are in the lower center. The subway line runs through the middle of the scene; the Kaisermuehlen-VIC metro station is at the center. The distinctive building on the left is the Hochhaus Neue Donau (High Rise New Danube), the tallest residential building in Austria.
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The Austria Center conference building in Vienna as seen from one of the UN Office buildings.
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Approaching Schoenbrunn, the most popular tourist destination in Vienna. The 1,400-room Rococo palace served as the imperial summer residence beginning in the mid-18th century. In 1996, UNESCO added the palace and its gardens to its World Heritage List.
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Schoenbrunn (lit. beautiful spring) Palace in Vienna. The magnificent structure served as the summer residence of the Austrian imperial family from the middle of the 18th century to the end of World War I.
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The elaborate rear stairway at Schoenbrunn leading out to the gardens of the palace.
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The rear facade of Schloss Shoenbrunn (Shoenbrunn Palace) in Vienna.
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The Neptune Fountain on the grounds of Schoenbrunn Palace in Vienna.
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A gloriette is a garden building located on an elevated site. The Gloriette in the palace park of Schoenbrunn is the largest and best known of all gloriettes worldwide; it houses a cafe.
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View of Shoenbrunn Palace as seen from the Gloriette.
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A walkway dripping with wisteria in the gardens of Schoenbrunn Palace.
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The "Roman Ruin" on the grounds of Schoenbrunn Palace in Vienna actually dates to 1778. It was deliberately constructed to be a picturesque horticultural feature integrated into the parklike surroundings.
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A peacock in the Schoenbrunn Tiergarten (Zoo). Founded originally as an imperial menagerie in 1752, it is today the oldest zoo in the world.
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The oriental garden on the grounds of Schoenbrunn Palace in Vienna lies next to the Tiergarten (Zoo).
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Azaleas in bloom on the grounds of Schoenbrunn Palaca in Vienna.
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The massive Palmenhaus is the most prominent of four greenhouses on the grounds of Schoenbrunn Palace. Opened in 1882, it is among the largest botanical exhibits of its kind in the world, housing some 4,500 species (most tropical). Its oldest plant is a 350-year-old olive tree.
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The Church of St. Francis of Assisi (the Jubilee Church) in Vienna dominates Mexikoplatz (Mexico Square) on the banks of the Danube River.
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The Church of St. Francis of Assisi in Vienna, also called the Jubilee Church, was constructed to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Emperor Franz Joseph (r. 1848-1916) in 1898.
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A side view of the Church of St. Francis of Assisi (the Jubilee Church) in Vienna gives an idea of its immensity.
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A high relief carving on the exterior of the Church of St. Francis of Assisi (the Jubilee Church) in Vienna.
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The same year that the Church of St. Francis of Assisi (the Jubilee Church) in Vienna was completed (1898), was also the year that the Empress Elisabeth was assassinated while on holiday. A chapel to her memory - the Elisabethkapelle shown here - was incorporated into the church plan using the left transept. It presents a Byzantine flavor through its use of gold mosaics.
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A diverse selection of olives at Vienna's eclectic Naschmarkt.
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Lights on Vienna's Kaertnerstrasse, an elegant shopping street.
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The Kursalon is a neo-Renaissance spa pavilion located in the Wiener Stadtpark (Vienna City Park). The spa, with healing mineral waters, opened in 1867 and is still a popular place for concerts, dancing, club meetings, and congresses.
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View showing the original above-ground Jugendstil (Art Nouveau) Karlsplatz city rail pavillion in Vienna, as well as the present-day underground subway entrance. Vienna's first rail mass transit system opened in 1898; in 1976 it was integrated into the newly established U-Bahn (metro), which is currently about 75 km (46 mi) long.
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Close up of the former city rail entrance at the Karlsplatz subway station in Vienna. The pavillion is a well-known example of Jugendstil (Art Nouveau) architecture.
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The Secession Building in Vienna, constructed 1897-98, was meant to be an "architectural manifesto" and exhibit hall for the Secession artists of Vienna (painters, architects, and sculptors who had rejected the conservatism of the prevailing artistic establishment). Secession style became a branch of Jugendstil (Art Nouveau).
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The Looshaus in Vienna is a quintessential example of Wiener Moderne (Vienna Modern Age) architecture (ca. 1890-1910), which eschewed external ornamentation. Upon completion in 1910, it initially shocked Vienna's citizenry, who referred to it as the "house without eyebrows."
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The hunting lodge at Mayering is about 25 km (15 mi) southwest of Vienna. It was here that on 30 January 1889 Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria and his mistress Baroness Vetsera were found dead in an apparent murder-suicide. The shaken Emperor Franz-Josef donated the building to the order of Carmelite nuns. The chapel (on the left) is built over the spot where the tragedy took place.
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Heiligenkreuz (Holy Cross) Abbey in the eponymous village in the southern Vienna Woods dates back to 1133; it is the oldest continuously occupied Cistercian monastery in the world.
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One of the smaller courtyards in Heiligenkreuz (Holy Cross) Abbey in the southern Vienna Woods.
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The chapter house in the cloisters of Heiligenkreuz Abbey contains the remains of 13 members of the House of Babenberg (the rulers who preceded the Habsburgs), including those of Frederick II, the last of his line.
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The Baroque Holy Trinity Column in the large inner court of Heiligenkreuz Abbey.
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The 17th century baroque cathedral in Salzburg, dedicated to St. Rupert. The missionary saint promoted the salt mines around the ruined old Roman settlement of Juvavum, made the site his base for spreading the gospel, and renamed the place Salzburg (literally "salt castle" in German).
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A unique clock archway in Salzburg displays a religious mural.
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Hohensalzburg Castle overlooks the city of Salzburg. Roughly 250 m long and 150 m wide, it is one of the largest - and best preserved - medieval castles in Europe. Originally built as a wooden fortress in 1077, it was rebuilt and expanded many times in subsequent centuries.
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Hallstatt is a picturesque town on the shores of Hallstaetter See in the Austrian Alps and a UN World Heritage Site. There is a funicular in the town that takes one to the bluff above the city from which this "aerial" photo was taken.
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A castle and mountain valley in the Alps.
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Shoreline along a small Austrian lake.
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- Introduction :: Austria
- Background: This entry usually highlights major historic events and current issues and may include a statement about one or two key future trends.
  Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's "perpetual neutrality" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the EU in 1995 have altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999.
- Geography :: Austria
- Location: This entry identifies the country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
  Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia
  Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the centroid or center point of a country expressed in degrees and minutes; it is based on the locations provided in the Geographic Names Server (GNS), maintained by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency on behalf of the US Board on Geographic Names.
  47 20 N, 13 20 E
  Map references: This entry includes the name of the Factbook reference map on which a country may be found. Note that boundary representations on these maps are not necessarily authoritative. The entry on Geographic coordinates may be helpful in finding some smaller countries.
  Europe
  Area: This entry includes three subfields. Total area is the sum of all land and water areas delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. Land area is the aggregate of all surfaces delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines, excluding inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Water area is the sum of the surfaces of all inland water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, or rivers, as delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines.
  total: 83,871 sq km
  land: 82,445 sq km
  water: 1,426 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 115
  Area - comparative: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
  about the size of South Carolina; slightly more than two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania
  Land boundaries: This entry contains the total length of all land boundaries and the individual lengths for each of the contiguous border countries. When available, official lengths published by national statistical agencies are used. Because surveying methods may differ, country border lengths reported by contiguous countries may differ.
  total: 2,524 km
  border countries (8): Czech Republic 402 km, Germany 801 km, Hungary 321 km, Italy 404 km, Liechtenstein 34 km, Slovakia 105 km, Slovenia 299 km, Switzerland 158 km
  Coastline: This entry gives the total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
  0 km (landlocked)
  Maritime claims: This entry includes the following claims, the definitions of which are excerpted from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which alone contains the full and definitive descriptions: territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal state extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the UNCLOS (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its . . . more
  none (landlocked)
  Climate: This entry includes a brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
  temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers
  Terrain: This entry contains a brief description of the topography.
  mostly mountains (Alps) in the west and south; mostly flat or gently sloping along the eastern and northern margins
  Elevation: This entry includes both the mean elevation and the elevation extremes.
  mean elevation: 910 m
  elevation extremes: 115 m lowest point: Neusiedler See
  3798 highest point: Grossglockner
  Natural resources: This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance, such as rare earth elements (REEs). In general, products appear only if they make a significant contribution to the economy, or are likely to do so in the future.
  oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower
  Land use: This entry contains the percentage shares of total land area for three different types of land use: agricultural land, forest, and other; agricultural land is further divided into arable land - land cultivated for crops like wheat, maize, and rice that are replanted after each harvest, permanent crops - land cultivated for crops like citrus, coffee, and rubber that are not replanted after each harvest, and includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, and permane . . . more
  agricultural land: 38.4% (2014 est.)
  arable land: 16.5% (2014 est.) / permanent crops: 0.8% (2014 est.) / permanent pasture: 21.1% (2014 est.)
  forest: 47.2% (2014 est.)
  other: 14.4% (2014 est.)
  Irrigated land: This entry gives the number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water.
  1,170 sq km (2012)
  Population distribution: This entry provides a summary description of the population dispersion within a country. While it may suggest population density, it does not provide density figures.
  the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas
  Natural hazards: This entry lists potential natural disasters. For countries where volcanic activity is common, a volcanism subfield highlights historically active volcanoes.
  landslides; avalanches; earthquakes
  Environment - current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: Acidification - the lowering of soil and water pH due to acid precipitation and deposition usually through precipitation; this process disrupts ecosystem nutrient flows and may kill freshwater fish and plants dependent on more neutral or alkaline conditions (see acid rain). Acid rain - characterized as containing harmful levels of sulfur dioxi . . . more
  some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe; water pollution; the Danube, as well as some of Austria’s other rivers and lakes, are threatened by pollution
  Environment - international agreements: This entry separates country participation in international environmental agreements into two levels - party to and signed, but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note: This entry includes miscellaneous geographic information of significance not included elsewhere.
  landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere
- People and Society :: Austria
- Population: This entry gives an estimate from the US Bureau of the Census based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past and on assumptions about future trends. The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region. Note: Starting with the 1993 Factbook, demographic estimates for some countries (mostly African) have explicitly taken into account t . . . more
  8,793,370 (July 2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 96
  Nationality: This entry provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.
  noun: Austrian(s)
  adjective: Austrian
  Ethnic groups: This entry provides an ordered listing of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
  Austrian 84.2%, German 2.1% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Serbian 1.4%, Turkish 1.3%, Romanian 1.2%, Bosnian or Herzegovinian 1.1%, other 10.8% (2018 est.)

  note: data represent population by nationality

  Languages: This entry provides a listing of languages spoken in each country and specifies any that are official national or regional languages. When data is available, the languages spoken in each country are broken down according to the percent of the total population speaking each language as a first language. For those countries without available data, languages are listed in rank order based on prevalence, starting with the most-spoken language.
  German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in South Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 est.)
  Religions: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. Baha'i - Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali (known as Baha'u'llah) in Iran in 1852, Baha'i faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one eternal transcendent God. Its guiding focus is to encourage the unity of all peoples on the earth so that justice and peace m . . . more
  Catholic 73.8% (includes Roman Catholic 73.6%, other Catholic 0.2%), Protestant 4.9%, Muslim 4.2%, Orthodox 2.2%, other 0.8% (includes other Christian), none 12%, unspecified 2% (2001 est.)
  Age structure: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group as follows: 0-14 years (children), 15-24 years (early working age), 25-54 years (prime working age), 55-64 years (mature working age), 65 years and over (elderly). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older population . . . more
  0-14 years: 14% (male 630,739 /female 600,663)
  15-24 years: 10.82% (male 484,515 /female 467,064)
  25-54 years: 42.1% (male 1,851,209 /female 1,851,100)
  55-64 years: 13.63% (male 595,146 /female 603,249)
  65 years and over: 19.44% (male 743,174 /female 966,511) (2018 est.)
  population pyramid:
  The World Factbook Field Image Modal
  Europe :: Austria Print
  Image Description
  This is the population pyramid for Austria. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
  For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
  Dependency ratios: Dependency ratios are a measure of the age structure of a population. They relate the number of individuals that are likely to be economically "dependent" on the support of others. Dependency ratios contrast the ratio of youths (ages 0-14) and the elderly (ages 65+) to the number of those in the working-age group (ages 15-64). Changes in the dependency ratio provide an indication of potential social support requirements resulting from changes in population age structures. As fertility lev . . . more
  total dependency ratio: 49.2 (2015 est.)
  youth dependency ratio: 21.1 (2015 est.)
  elderly dependency ratio: 28.1 (2015 est.)
  potential support ratio: 3.6 (2015 est.)
  Median age: This entry is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population. Currently, the median age ranges from a low of about 15 in Niger and Uganda to 40 or more in several European countries and Japan. See the entry for "Age structure" for the importance of a young versus an older age structure and, by implication, a low versus a high . . . more
  total: 44.2 years
  male: 42.9 years
  female: 45.4 years (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 12
  Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as . . . more
  0.42% (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 160
  Birth rate: This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
  9.5 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 199
  Death rate: This entry gives the average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining . . . more
  9.7 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Net migration rate: This entry includes the figure for the difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000 population). The net migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the overall level of population chan . . . more
  4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Population distribution: This entry provides a summary description of the population dispersion within a country. While it may suggest population density, it does not provide density figures.
  the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas
  Urbanization: This entry provides two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. Additionally, the World entry includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising th . . . more
  urban population: 58.3% of total population (2018)
  rate of urbanization: 0.59% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
  Major urban areas - population: This entry provides the population of the capital and up to six major cities defined as urban agglomerations with populations of at least 750,000 people. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising the city or town proper and also the suburban fringe or thickly settled territory lying outside of, but adjacent to, the boundaries of the city. For smaller countries, lacking urban centers of 750,000 or more, only the population of the capital is presented.
  1.901 million VIENNA (capital) (2018)
  Sex ratio: This entry includes the number of males for each female in five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertilit . . . more
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
  Mother's mean age at first birth: This entry provides the mean (average) age of mothers at the birth of their first child. It is a useful indicator for gauging the success of family planning programs aiming to reduce maternal mortality, increase contraceptive use – particularly among married and unmarried adolescents – delay age at first marriage, and improve the health of newborns.
  29 years (2014 est.)
  Maternal mortality rate: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). The MMR includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year.
  4 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 175
  Infant mortality rate: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
  total: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
  male: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
  female: 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 200
  Life expectancy at birth: This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
  total population: 81.7 years (2018 est.)
  male: 79 years (2018 est.)
  female: 84.5 years (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 24
  Total fertility rate: This entry gives a figure for the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country. A rate of two children per woman is considered the replaceme . . . more
  1.48 children born/woman (2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 199
  Contraceptive prevalence rate: This field gives the percent of women of reproductive age (15-49) who are married or in union and are using, or whose sexual partner is using, a method of contraception according to the date of the most recent available data. The contraceptive prevalence rate is an indicator of health services, development, and women’s empowerment. It is also useful in understanding, past, present, and future fertility trends, especially in developing countries.
  65.7% (2012/13)

  note: percent of women aged 18-49

  Health expenditures: This entry provides the total expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP. Health expenditures are broadly defined as activities performed either by institutions or individuals through the application of medical, paramedical, and/or nursing knowledge and technology, the primary purpose of which is to promote, restore, or maintain health.
  11.2% of GDP (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 11
  Physicians density: This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that f . . . more
  5.23 physicians/1,000 population (2016)
  Hospital bed density: This entry provides the number of hospital beds per 1,000 people; it serves as a general measure of inpatient service availability. Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases, beds for both acute and chronic care are included. Because the level of inpatient services required for individual countries depends on several factors - such as demographic issues and the burden of disease - there is . . . more
  7.6 beds/1,000 population (2013)
  Drinking water source: This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved drinking water sources available to segments of the population of a country. Improved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: piped water into dwelling, yard, or plot; public tap or standpipe; tubewell or borehole; protected dug well; protected spring; or rainwater collection. Unimproved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: unprotected dug well; unprotected spring; cart with small tank or . . . more
  improved: urban: 100% of population
  rural: 100% of population
  total: 100% of population
  unimproved: urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0% of population
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access: This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved sanitation facilities available to segments of the population of a country. Improved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine; pit latrine with slab; or a composting toilet. Unimproved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush not piped to a sewer system, septic tank . . . more
  improved: urban: 100% of population (2015 est.)
  rural: 100% of population (2015 est.)
  total: 100% of population (2015 est.)
  unimproved: urban: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  rural: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: This entry gives an estimate of the percentage of adults (aged 15-49) living with HIV/AIDS. The adult prevalence rate is calculated by dividing the estimated number of adults living with HIV/AIDS at yearend by the total adult population at yearend.
  0.1% (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 107
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: This entry gives an estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS.
  7,400 (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  HIV/AIDS - deaths: This entry gives an estimate of the number of adults and children who died of AIDS during a given calendar year.
  <100 (2017 est.)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate: This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.
  20.1% (2016)
  country comparison to the world: 105
  Education expenditures: This entry provides the public expenditure on education as a percent of GDP.
  5.4% of GDP (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): School life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age. Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or qualit . . . more
  total: 16 years (2015)
  male: 16 years (2015)
  female: 16 years (2015)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: This entry gives the percent of the total labor force ages 15-24 unemployed during a specified year.
  total: 11.3% (2016 est.)
  male: 12.1% (2016 est.)
  female: 10.2% (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 113
- Government :: Austria
- Country name: This entry includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
  conventional long form: Republic of Austria
  conventional short form: Austria
  local long form: Republik Oesterreich
  local short form: Oesterreich
  etymology: the name Oesterreich means "eastern realm" or "eastern march" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and, in fact, of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name
  Government type: This entry gives the basic form of government. Definitions of the major governmental terms are as follows. (Note that for some countries more than one definition applies.): Absolute monarchy - a form of government where the monarch rules unhindered, i.e., without any laws, constitution, or legally organized opposition. Anarchy - a condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought about by the absence of governmental authority. Authoritarian - a form of government in whic . . . more
  federal parliamentary republic
  Capital: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  name: Vienna
  geographic coordinates: 48 12 N, 16 22 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  etymology: the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from earlier settlements of the area; a Celtic town of Vedunia, established about 500 B.C., came under Roman dominance aound 15 B.C. and became known as Vindobona; archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna
  Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by the BGN are noted. Geographic names conform to spellings approved by the BGN with the exception of the omission of diacritical marks and special characters.
  9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten (Carinthia), Niederoesterreich (Lower Austria), Oberoesterreich (Upper Austria), Salzburg, Steiermark (Styria), Tirol (Tyrol), Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)
  Independence: For most countries, this entry gives the date that sovereignty was achieved and from which nation, empire, or trusteeship. For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in the strict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification, federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession. For a number of countries, the establishment of statehood . . . more
  no official date of independence: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 6 January 1453 (Archduchy of Austria acknowledged); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established); 12 November 1918 (First Republic proclaimed); 27 April 1945 (Second Republic proclaimed)
  National holiday: This entry gives the primary national day of celebration - usually independence day.
  National Day (commemorates passage of the law on permanent neutrality), 26 October (1955)
  Constitution: This entry provides information on a country’s constitution and includes two subfields. The history subfield includes the dates of previous constitutions and the main steps and dates in formulating and implementing the latest constitution. For countries with 1-3 previous constitutions, the years are listed; for those with 4-9 previous, the entry is listed as “several previous,” and for those with 10 or more, the entry is “many previous.” The amendments subfield summarizes the process of am . . . more
  history: several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934, replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation, reinstated 1 May 1945 (2016)
  amendments: proposed through laws designated "constitutional laws" or through the constitutional process if the amendment is part of another law; approval required by at least a two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly if one-half of the members are present; a referendum is required only if requested by one-third of the National Council or Federal Council membership; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)
  Legal system: This entry provides the description of a country's legal system. A statement on judicial review of legislative acts is also included for a number of countries. The legal systems of nearly all countries are generally modeled upon elements of five main types: civil law (including French law, the Napoleonic Code, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, and Spanish law); common law (including United State law); customary law; mixed or pluralistic law; and religious law (including Islamic law). An addition . . . more
  civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court
  International law organization participation: This entry includes information on a country's acceptance of jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and of the International Criminal Court (ICCt); 59 countries have accepted ICJ jurisdiction with reservations and 11 have accepted ICJ jurisdiction without reservations; 122 countries have accepted ICCt jurisdiction. Appendix B: International Organizations and Groups explains the differing mandates of the ICJ and ICCt.
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Citizenship: This entry provides information related to the acquisition and exercise of citizenship; it includes four subfields: citizenship by birth describes the acquisition of citizenship based on place of birth, known as Jus soli, regardless of the citizenship of parents. citizenship by descent only describes the acquisition of citizenship based on the principle of Jus sanguinis, or by descent, where at least one parent is a citizen of the state and being born within the territorial limits of the . . . more
  citizenship by birth: no
  citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Austria
  dual citizenship recognized: no
  residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
  Suffrage: This entry gives the age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted.
  16 years of age; universal
  Judicial branch: This entry includes three subfields. The highest court(s) subfield includes the name(s) of a country's highest level court(s), the number and titles of the judges, and the types of cases heard by the court, which commonly are based on civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional law. A number of countries have separate constitutional courts. The judge selection and term of office subfield includes the organizations and associated officials responsible for nominating and appointing j . . . more
  highest courts: Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges nominated by several executive branch departments and approved by the president; judges serve for life; Administrative Court judges recommended by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; terms of judges and members determined by the president
  subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (4); Regional Courts (20); district courts (120); county courts
  Executive branch: This entry includes five subentries: chief of state; head of government; cabinet; elections/appointments; election results. Chief of state includes the name, title, and beginning date in office of the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government. Head of government includes the name, title of the top executive designated to manage the executive branch of the government, a . . . more
  chief of state: President Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (since 26 January 2017)
  head of government: Chancellor Sebastian KURZ (since 18 December 2017); Vice Chancellor Heinz-Christian STRACHE (since 18 December 2017)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round), 22 May 2016 (second round, which was annulled), and 4 December 2016 (second round re-vote) (next election to be held in April 2022); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor
  election results: Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Norbet HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; percent of vote in second round - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbet HOFER 46.2%
  Legislative branch: This entry has three subfields. The description subfield provides the legislative structure (unicameral – single house; bicameral – an upper and a lower house); formal name(s); number of member seats; types of constituencies or voting districts (single seat, multi-seat, nationwide); electoral voting system(s); and member term of office. The elections subfield includes the dates of the last election and next election. The election results subfield lists percent of vote by party/coalition an . . . more
  description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:
  Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)
  National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
  elections:
  Federal Council - appointed
  National Council - last held on 15 October 2017 (next to be held in 2022)
  election results:
  Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 42, women 19, percent of women 30.6%
  National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 31.5%, SPOe 26.9%, FPOe 26%, NEOS 5.3%, PILZ 4.4%, other 5.9%; seats by party - OeVP 62, SPOe 52, FPOe 51, NEOS 10, PILZ 8; composition - men 122, women 61, percent of women 33.3%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 32.7%
  Political parties and leaders: This entry includes a listing of significant political parties, coalitions, and electoral lists as of each country's last legislative election, unless otherwise noted.
  Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Sebastian KURZ]
  Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]
  Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz-Christian STRACHE]
  The Greens [Werner KOGLER]
  NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ]
  Pilz List or PILZ [Bruno ROSSMANN and Wolfgang ZINGGL]
  Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Christian KERN]
  International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
  ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Diplomatic representation in the US: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery address, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations. The use of the annotated title Appointed Ambassador refers to a new ambassador who has presented his/her credentials to the secretary of state but not the US president. Such ambassadors fulfill all diplomatic functions except meeting with or appearing at functions attended by the president until such time as they formally present their credentials at a White Hou . . . more
  chief of mission: Ambassador Wolfgang WALDNER (since 28 January 2016)
  chancery: 3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035
  telephone: [1] (202) 895-6700
  FAX: [1] (202) 895-6750
  consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
  consulate(s): Chicago
  Diplomatic representation from the US: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  chief of mission: Ambassador Trevor TRAINA (since 24 May 2018)
  embassy: Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna
  mailing address: Boltzmanngasse 16, 1090 Vienna, Austria
  telephone: [43] (1) 31339-0
  FAX: [43] (1) 3100682
  Flag description: This entry provides a written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
  three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, in 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner
  National symbol(s): A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.
  eagle, edelweiss, Alpine gentian; national colors: red, white
  National anthem: A generally patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.
  name: "Bundeshymne" (Federal Hymn)
  lyrics/music: Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed)

  note: adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" (Land of the Mountains, Land by the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gendered version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Federal Assembly in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012

- Economy :: Austria
- Economy - overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.

  Austria is a well-developed market economy with skilled labor force and high standard of living. It is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's, but also the US’, its third-largest trade partner. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector.

  Austrian economic growth strengthen in 2017, with a 2.9% increase in GDP. Austrian exports, accounting for around 60% of the GDP, were up 8.2% in 2017. Austria’s unemployment rate fell by 0.3% to 5.5%, which is low by European standards, but still at its second highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market.

  Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries. The budget deficit stood at a low 0.7% of GDP in 2017 and public debt declined again to 78.4% of GDP in 2017, after reaching a post-war high 84.6% in 2015. The Austrian government has announced it plans to balance the fiscal budget in 2019. Several external risks, such as Austrian banks' exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, the refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine, eased in 2017, but are still a factor for the Austrian economy. Exposure to the Russian banking sector and a deep energy relationship with Russia present additional risks.

  Austria elected a new pro-business government in October 2017 that campaigned on promises to reduce bureaucracy, improve public sector efficiency, reduce labor market protections, and provide positive investment incentives.

  GDP (purchasing power parity): This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States in the year noted. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measur . . . more
  $441 billion (2017 est.)
  $428.1 billion (2016 est.)
  $422 billion (2015 est.)

  note: data are in 2017 dollars

  country comparison to the world: 45
  GDP (official exchange rate): This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at official exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis- . . . more
  $417.4 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate: This entry gives GDP growth on an annual basis adjusted for inflation and expressed as a percent. The growth rates are year-over-year, and not compounded.
  3% (2017 est.)
  1.5% (2016 est.)
  1.1% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  GDP - per capita (PPP): This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
  $50,000 (2017 est.)
  $49,000 (2016 est.)
  $48,900 (2015 est.)

  note: data are in 2017 dollars

  country comparison to the world: 31
  Gross national saving: Gross national saving is derived by deducting final consumption expenditure (household plus government) from Gross national disposable income, and consists of personal saving, plus business saving (the sum of the capital consumption allowance and retained business profits), plus government saving (the excess of tax revenues over expenditures), but excludes foreign saving (the excess of imports of goods and services over exports). The figures are presented as a percent of GDP. A negative . . . more
  27% of GDP (2017 est.)
  26.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
  25.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 43
  GDP - composition, by end use: This entry shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit insti . . . more
  household consumption: 52.1% (2017 est.)
  government consumption: 19.5% (2017 est.)
  investment in fixed capital: 23.5% (2017 est.)
  investment in inventories: 1.6% (2017 est.)
  exports of goods and services: 54.2% (2017 est.)
  imports of goods and services: -50.7% (2017 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin: This entry shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not prod . . . more
  agriculture: 1.3% (2017 est.)
  industry: 28.4% (2017 est.)
  services: 70.3% (2017 est.)
  Agriculture - products: This entry is an ordered listing of major crops and products starting with the most important.
  grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber and other forestry products
  Industries: This entry provides a rank ordering of industries starting with the largest by value of annual output.
  construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and paper, electronics, tourism
  Industrial production growth rate: This entry gives the annual percentage increase in industrial production (includes manufacturing, mining, and construction).
  6.5% (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Labor force: This entry contains the total labor force figure.
  4.26 million (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 90
  Labor force - by occupation: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding. more
  agriculture: 0.7%
  industry: 25.2%
  services: 74.1% (2017 est.)
  Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
  5.5% (2017 est.)
  6% (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population falling below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
  3% (2017 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share: Data on household income or consumption come from household surveys, the results adjusted for household size. Nations use different standards and procedures in collecting and adjusting the data. Surveys based on income will normally show a more unequal distribution than surveys based on consumption. The quality of surveys is improving with time, yet caution is still necessary in making inter-country comparisons.
  lowest 10%: 23.5% (2012 est.)
  highest 10%: 23.5% (2012 est.)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the richest. The index is the ratio of (a) the area between a country's Lorenz curve and the 45 degree helping line to (b) the entire triangular area under the 45 degree line. The more nearly equal a country's income distribution, the closer its . . . more
  30.5 (2015)
  30.5 (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 131
  Budget: This entry includes revenues, expenditures, and capital expenditures. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  revenues: 201.7 billion (2017 est.)
  expenditures: 204.6 billion (2017 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues: This entry records total taxes and other revenues received by the national government during the time period indicated, expressed as a percent of GDP. Taxes include personal and corporate income taxes, value added taxes, excise taxes, and tariffs. Other revenues include social contributions - such as payments for social security and hospital insurance - grants, and net revenues from public enterprises. Normalizing the data, by dividing total revenues by GDP, enables easy comparisons acr . . . more
  48.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 18
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relat . . . more
  -0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  Public debt: This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
  78.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
  83.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

  note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices

  country comparison to the world: 37
  Fiscal year: This entry identifies the beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices): This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
  2.2% (2017 est.)
  1% (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 111
  Central bank discount rate: This entry provides the annualized interest rate a country's central bank charges commercial, depository banks for loans to meet temporary shortages of funds.
  0% (31 December 2017)
  0% (31 December 2010)

  note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

  country comparison to the world: 147
  Commercial bank prime lending rate: This entry provides a simple average of annualized interest rates commercial banks charge on new loans, denominated in the national currency, to their most credit-worthy customers.
  1.57% (31 December 2017 est.)
  1.86% (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 189
  Stock of narrow money: This entry, also known as "M1," comprises the total quantity of currency in circulation (notes and coins) plus demand deposits denominated in the national currency held by nonbank financial institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, and the private sector of the economy, measured at a specific point in time. National currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate for the date of the information. Because of exchange rate moveme . . . more
  $271.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $214 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

  note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

  country comparison to the world: 19
  Stock of broad money: This entry covers all of "Narrow money," plus the total quantity of time and savings deposits, credit union deposits, institutional money market funds, short-term repurchase agreements between the central bank and commercial deposit banks, and other large liquid assets held by nonbank financial institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, and the private sector of the economy. National currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange r . . . more
  $271.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $214 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Stock of domestic credit: This entry is the total quantity of credit, denominated in the domestic currency, provided by financial institutions to the central bank, state and local governments, public non-financial corporations, and the private sector. The national currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate on the date of the information.
  $555.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $483.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Market value of publicly traded shares: This entry gives the value of shares issued by publicly traded companies at a price determined in the national stock markets on the final day of the period indicated. It is simply the latest price per share multiplied by the total number of outstanding shares, cumulated over all companies listed on the particular exchange.
  $96.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
  $96.79 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $117.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Current account balance: This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  $7.859 billion (2017 est.)
  $8.313 billion (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  $156.7 billion (2017 est.)
  $149.5 billion (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 32
  Exports - partners: This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  Germany 29.4%, US 6.3%, Italy 6.2%, Switzerland 5.1%, France 4.8%, Slovakia 4.8% (2017)
  Exports - commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, manufactured goods, chemicals, iron and steel, foodstuffs
  Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  $158.1 billion (2017 est.)
  $142.3 billion (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 28
  Imports - commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued imported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products, natural gas; foodstuffs
  Imports - partners: This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  Germany 41.8%, Italy 5.8%, Switzerland 5.5%, Czech Republic 4.4%, Netherlands 4.2% (2017)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund.
  $21.57 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $23.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Debt - external: This entry gives the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods, or services. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  $630.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $679.3 billion (31 March 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.
  $294.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $158.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 21
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in foreign countries made directly by residents - primarily companies - of the home country, as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.
  $339.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
  $214.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 21
  Exchange rates: This entry provides the average annual price of a country's monetary unit for the time period specified, expressed in units of local currency per US dollar, as determined by international market forces or by official fiat. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4217 alphabetic currency code for the national medium of exchange is presented in parenthesis. Closing daily exchange rates are not presented in The World Factbook, but are used to convert stock values - e.g., the . . . more
  euros (EUR) per US dollar -
  0.885 (2017 est.)
  0.903 (2016 est.)
  0.9214 (2015 est.)
  0.885 (2014 est.)
  0.7634 (2013 est.)
- Energy :: Austria
- Electricity access: This entry provides information on access to electricity. Electrification data – collected from industry reports, national surveys, and international sources – consists of four subfields. Population without electricity provides an estimate of the number of citizens that do not have access to electricity. Electrification – total population is the percent of a country’s total population with access to electricity, electrification – urban areas is the percent of a country’s urban population w . . . more
  electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
  Electricity - production: This entry is the annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
  60.78 billion kWh (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 48
  Electricity - consumption: This entry consists of total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
  64.6 billion kWh (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 41
  Electricity - exports: This entry is the total exported electricity in kilowatt-hours.
  19.21 billion kWh (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 9
  Electricity - imports: This entry is the total imported electricity in kilowatt-hours.
  26.37 billion kWh (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 6
  Electricity - installed generating capacity: This entry is the total capacity of currently installed generators, expressed in kilowatts (kW), to produce electricity. A 10-kilowatt (kW) generator will produce 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity, if it runs continuously for one hour.
  24.79 million kW (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Electricity - from fossil fuels: This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity by burning fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum products, and natural gas), expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity.
  25% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 188
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels: This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity through radioactive decay of nuclear fuel, expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity.
  0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 41
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity by water-driven turbines, expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity.
  43% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 45
  Electricity - from other renewable sources: This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity by using renewable energy sources other than hydroelectric (including, for example, wind, waves, solar, and geothermal), expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity.
  31% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 17
  Crude oil - production: This entry is the total amount of crude oil produced, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
  14,260 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Crude oil - exports: This entry is the total amount of crude oil exported, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
  0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Crude oil - imports: This entry is the total amount of crude oil imported, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
  146,600 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 37
  Crude oil - proved reserves: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of crude oil, in barrels (bbl). Proved reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
  41.2 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 78
  Refined petroleum products - production: This entry is the country's total output of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of refined petroleum products produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
  186,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 54
  Refined petroleum products - consumption: This entry is the country's total consumption of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of refined petroleum products produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
  268,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 47
  Refined petroleum products - exports: This entry is the country's total exports of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
  49,960 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 55
  Refined petroleum products - imports: This entry is the country's total imports of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
  135,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Natural gas - production: This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors.
  1.274 billion cu m (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 62
  Natural gas - consumption: This entry is the total natural gas consumed in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors.
  9.486 billion cu m (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 50
  Natural gas - exports: This entry is the total natural gas exported in cubic meters (cu m).
  5.437 billion cu m (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 29
  Natural gas - imports: This entry is the total natural gas imported in cubic meters (cu m).
  14.02 billion cu m (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 22
  Natural gas - proved reserves: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
  6.513 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy: This entry is the total amount of carbon dioxide, measured in metric tons, released by burning fossil fuels in the process of producing and consuming energy.
  63.93 million Mt (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
- Communications :: Austria
- Telephones - fixed lines: This entry gives the total number of fixed telephone lines in use, as well as the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.
  total subscriptions: 3,762,801 (2017 est.)
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Telephones - mobile cellular: This entry gives the total number of mobile cellular telephone subscribers, as well as the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. Note that because of the ubiquity of mobile phone use in developed countries, the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants can exceed 100.
  total subscriptions: 14,924,340 (2017 est.)
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 170 (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 66
  Telephone system: This entry includes a brief general assessment of the system with details on the domestic and international components. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: Arabsat - Arab Satellite Communications Organization (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Autodin - Automatic Digital Network (US Department of Defense). CB - citizen's band mobile radio communications. Cellular telephone system - the telephones in this system are radio transceivers, with each instrument having its o . . . more
  general assessment: mobile-cellular subscribership is everywhere; cable networks are very extensive, the fiber-optic net is being developed; all telephone applications and Internet services are accessible; broadband is available in all large municipalities; regulatory measures have pomoted the reality of 5G use for 2020 (2017)
  domestic: highly developed and efficient; 43 per 100 fixed-line, 170 per 100 mobile-cellular; (2017)
  international: country code - 43; earth stations available in the Astra, Intelsat, Eutelsat satellite systems (2018)
  Broadcast media: This entry provides information on the approximate number of public and private TV and radio stations in a country, as well as basic information on the availability of satellite and cable TV services.
  worldwide cable and satellite TV are available; the public incumbent ORF competes with three other major, several regional domestic, and up to 400 international TV stations; TV coverage is in principle 100%, but only 90% use broadcast media; Internet streaming not only complements, but increasingly replaces regular TV stations (2018)
  Internet country code: This entry includes the two-letter codes maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the ISO 3166 Alpha-2 list and used by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to establish country-coded top-level domains (ccTLDs).
  .at
  Internet users: This entry gives the total number of individuals within a country who can access the Internet at home, via any device type (computer or mobile) and connection. The percent of population with Internet access (i.e., the penetration rate) helps gauge how widespread Internet use is within a country. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months.
  total: 7,346,055 (July 2016 est.)
  percent of population: 84.3% (July 2016 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Broadband - fixed subscriptions: This entry gives the total number of fixed-broadband subscriptions, as well as the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. Fixed broadband is a physical wired connection to the Internet (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber) at speeds equal to or greater than 256 kilobits/second (256 kbit/s).
  total: 2,511,200 (2017 est.)
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2017 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  Communications - note: This entry includes miscellaneous communications information of significance not included elsewhere.
  the Austrian National Library contains important collections of the Imperial Library of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Empire, as well as of the Austrian Republic; among its more than 12 million items are outstanding holdings of rare books, maps, globes, papyrus, and music; its Globe Museum is the only one in the world
- Transportation :: Austria
- National air transport system: This entry includes four subfields describing the air transport system of a given country in terms of both structure and performance. The first subfield, number of registered air carriers, indicates the total number of air carriers registered with the country’s national aviation authority and issued an air operator certificate as required by the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The second subfield, inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers, lists the total number . . . more
  number of registered air carriers: 11 (2015)
  inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 130 (2015)
  annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 14,718,641 (2015)
  annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 351.379 million mt-km (2015)
  Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: This entry provides the one- or two-character alphanumeric code indicating the nationality of civil aircraft. Article 20 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), signed in 1944, requires that all aircraft engaged in international air navigation bear appropriate nationality marks. The aircraft registration number consists of two parts: a prefix consisting of a one- or two-character alphanumeric code indicating nationality and a registration suffix of one to fi . . . more
  OE (2016)
  Airports: This entry gives the total number of airports or airfields recognizable from the air. The runway(s) may be paved (concrete or asphalt surfaces) or unpaved (grass, earth, sand, or gravel surfaces) and may include closed or abandoned installations. Airports or airfields that are no longer recognizable (overgrown, no facilities, etc.) are not included. Note that not all airports have accommodations for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
  52 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 90
  Airports - with paved runways: This entry gives the total number of airports with paved runways (concrete or asphalt surfaces) by length. For airports with more than one runway, only the longest runway is included according to the following five groups - (1) over 3,047 m (over 10,000 ft), (2) 2,438 to 3,047 m (8,000 to 10,000 ft), (3) 1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft), (4) 914 to 1,523 m (3,000 to 5,000 ft), and (5) under 914 m (under 3,000 ft). Only airports with usable runways are included in this listing. Not all . . . more
  total: 24 (2017)
  over 3,047 m: 1 (2017)
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 (2017)
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2017)
  914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2017)
  under 914 m: 13 (2017)
  Airports - with unpaved runways: This entry gives the total number of airports with unpaved runways (grass, dirt, sand, or gravel surfaces) by length. For airports with more than one runway, only the longest runway is included according to the following five groups - (1) over 3,047 m (over 10,000 ft), (2) 2,438 to 3,047 m (8,000 to 10,000 ft), (3) 1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft), (4) 914 to 1,523 m (3,000 to 5,000 ft), and (5) under 914 m (under 3,000 ft). Only airports with usable runways are included in this listin . . . more
  total: 28 (2013)
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013)
  914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013)
  under 914 m: 24 (2013)
  Heliports: This entry gives the total number of heliports with hard-surface runways, helipads, or landing areas that support routine sustained helicopter operations exclusively and have support facilities including one or more of the following facilities: lighting, fuel, passenger handling, or maintenance. It includes former airports used exclusively for helicopter operations but excludes heliports limited to day operations and natural clearings that could support helicopter landings and takeoffs.
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines: This entry gives the lengths and types of pipelines for transporting products like natural gas, crude oil, or petroleum products.
  1888 km gas, 594 km oil, 157 km refined products (2017)
  Railways: This entry states the total route length of the railway network and of its component parts by gauge, which is the measure of the distance between the inner sides of the load-bearing rails. The four typical types of gauges are: broad, standard, narrow, and dual. Other gauges are listed under note. Some 60% of the world's railways use the standard gauge of 1.4 m (4.7 ft). Gauges vary by country and sometimes within countries. The choice of gauge during initial construction was mainly in resp . . . more
  total: 5,800 km (2017)
  standard gauge: 5,300 km 1.435-m gauge (3,826 km electrified) (2016)
  country comparison to the world: 33
  Roadways: This entry gives the total length of the road network and includes the length of the paved and unpaved portions.
  total: 138,696 km (2016)
  paved: 138,696 km (includes 2,208 km of expressways) (2016)
  country comparison to the world: 38
  Waterways: This entry gives the total length of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water.
  358 km (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 89
  Ports and terminals: This entry lists major ports and terminals primarily on the basis of the amount of cargo tonnage shipped through the facilities on an annual basis. In some instances, the number of containers handled or ship visits were also considered. Most ports service multiple classes of vessels including bulk carriers (dry and liquid), break bulk cargoes (goods loaded individually in bags, boxes, crates, or drums; sometimes palletized), containers, roll-on/roll-off, and passenger ships. The listing le . . . more
  river port(s): Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)
- Military and Security :: Austria
- Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
  0.58% of GDP (2018)
  0.6% of GDP (2017)
  0.68% of GDP (2016)
  0.67% of GDP (2015)
  0.75% of GDP (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 141
  Military branches: This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces).
  Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK) (2014)
  Military service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation.
  registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (6 months), or optionally, alternative civil/community service (9 months); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service; in a January 2012 referendum, a majority of Austrians voted in favor of retaining the system of compulsory military service (with the option of alternative/non-military service) instead of switching to a professional army system (2015)
- Transnational Issues :: Austria
- Disputes - international: This entry includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Information regarding disputes over international terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the US Department of State. References to other situations involving borders or frontiers may also be included, such as resource disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues; however, inclusion does not necessarily constitute . . . more
  none
  Refugees and internally displaced persons: This entry includes those persons residing in a country as refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), or stateless persons. Each country's refugee entry includes only countries of origin that are the source of refugee populations of 5,000 or more. The definition of a refugee according to a UN Convention is "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a . . . more
  refugees (country of origin): 43,888 (Syria), 26,939 (Afghanistan), 11,301 (Russia), 7,414 (Iraq) (2016)
  stateless persons: 1,003 (2017)
  Illicit drugs: This entry gives information on the five categories of illicit drugs - narcotics, stimulants, depressants (sedatives), hallucinogens, and cannabis. These categories include many drugs legally produced and prescribed by doctors as well as those illegally produced and sold outside of medical channels. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is the common hemp plant, which provides hallucinogens with some sedative properties, and includes marijuana (pot, Acapulco gold, grass, reefer), tetrahydroca . . . more
  transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption of European-produced synthetic drugs

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